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Due to the poor fire resistance of steel structure, it will quickly fail and collapse under the action of high temperature in the fire. The fire resistance limit is only 15 minutes. If measures are taken to protect the steel structure, the temperature rise does not exceed the critical temperature during fire. In principle, the protection measures taken for the steel structure can be divided into two types: the closure method and the dredging method.
1. Closure method
The principle of the interception method is to intercept or block the heat flow generated by the fire from transmitting to the component, so that the temperature rise of the component does not exceed its critical temperature within a specified time. The method is to provide a layer of protective material on the surface of the component. The high temperature generated by the fire is first transmitted to these protective materials, and then the protective material is applied to the component. Since the thermal conductivity of the selected material is small and the heat capacity is large, it can well prevent the transfer of heat to the component, thereby playing a protective role. The interception method is divided into spraying method, encapsulation method, shielding method and water spraying method.
2. Spraying method
The spraying method is to spray the fireproof paint directly on the surface of the component with a spraying machine to form a protective layer. Steel structure fire retardant coatings can be divided into organic fire retardant coatings and inorganic fire retardant coatings according to the different adhesives used. According to the coating thickness, they can be divided into two types: thin coating type and thick coating type. The thickness of thin coating steel structure coatings is generally 2-7mm, has a certain decorative effect, the coating expands and thickens at high temperature, and has fire-resistant heat insulation effect. The fire resistance limit can reach 0.5-1.5 hours. This kind of coating is also called steel structure expansion fire-retardant coating. The thickness of the thick-coated steel structure fireproof coating is generally 8-20mm, with a granular surface, low density, low thermal conductivity, and a fire resistance limit of 0.5 to 3.0 hours. This kind of coating is also called steel structure fireproof and heat insulation coating.
